Harry potter used patronus charm, summoning a powerful defensive guardian and expelling all the dementors in the sky.
作用一, 修饰前面动词used(整件事情或者逻辑主语),表达前因后果
Harry potter’s patronus charm is one of his best magic trick that is used as a robust shield, protecting the person behind it.
作为二,解释阐述说明前面主语shield的细节。
如果不是这两个作用, 逗号后面 V-ing一定不能选
GMAT 经常这么考:
(正确)Harry potter used patronus charm, summoning a powerful defensive guardian and expelling all the dementors in the sky.
(错误)Harry potter used patronus charm with his wand, which summons a powerful defensive guardian and expelling all the dementors in the sky. (其实是整个动作summon, 而不是wand自己就能summon, 但是which只能修饰前面的名词wand)
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当看到 S1+ V1 and V2, 一般要考虑V1 和 V2这两件事情是不是mutually independent,还是 either V2 阐述说明V1, 还是因为V1 所以V2的逻辑/时间关系。
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句末分词结构
S1+V1 +O1, and S1+V2+O2 正常两者做两个动作。
S1+V1+O1, (S1省略)+V2ing +O2 -> S1+V1+O1, V2ing +O2.
S1+V1+O1(概括), S2+V2ing +O2(细节). (这里是解释前面,即使逻辑主词不是同一个)
S1+V1+O1(细节 , N+Ving(概括)
Harry Potter used patronus spell, a defensive charm for summoning guardians. (同位语,黑体部分在概括说明spell是啥)
Harry Potter used patronus spell, summoning a defensive guardians. (V,ing是给出use的细节)。
OK, 例子很烂,是我自己写的。
